January 20, 2021 Issue, Page 4 of 10

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January 20, 2021 Agriculture Deicing Affects on Landscape Plants scape consider the following Beckham County OSU Extension approaches: Center | + Mechanical removal - the (580) 928-2139 | greg.hart- less ice and snow present, the [email protected] Cold temperatures usually and landscape plants. chloride is very corrosive and concrete surfaces and biode- less deicing material needed Oklahoma State University, bring ice and snow making it There are several deicing damaging to landscape plants gradable. It is also effective + Use abrasive materials in compliance with Title VI and difficult to travel for both mo- compounds, each with pros and excessive sodium in the at melting ice to around 15°F. in conjunction with mechani- VII of the Civil Rights Act of torists and pedestrians, Public and cons. soil can destroy its structure. ‘The downside, it is 30 to 40 cal and/or deicing materials 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX of the safety during this time is a Sodium chloride (NaCl) is Calcium chloride (CaCl2) times more expensive. — abrasives such as sand have high priority and usually ad- the most common and known dissolves readily, acts quickly Deicing materials are salts few impacts on the environ- Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities dressed by the use of deicing as table or rock salt. It is the and is effective in very cold that melt ice, creating a brine ment. They do not melt ice Act of 1990, and other federal compounds. While these deic- least expensive, most widely temperatures - down to -20°F. solution (salty water) which but do improve traction on laws and regulations, does not ing compounds make it safer used and is most effective It is, however, highly corro- freeze at lower temperatures. slippery surfaces. for'us, they often damage con- when temperatures are above sive to concrete and metals, ‘The problem in the landscape discriminate on the basis of race, crete surfaces, automobiles 15°F. Unfortunately, sodium but slightly less damaging to + Plan ahead - plant salt color, national origin, sex, age, plants than sodium chloride. occurs when this brine solu- tolerant plants in areas receiv- religion, disability, or status asa Potassium chloride (KCl) tion is splashed onto plant ing large amounts of deicing veteran in any ofits policies, prac- foliage or runs off pavement tices or procedures. This includes Don’t Forget to is a natural material used for material; locate salt sensitive fertilizer but is highly corro- into the soil. An accumulation plants away from areas deic- but is not limited to admissions, sive as a deicer. It is less dam- in the soil near plant roots re- ing materials are used; use employment, financial aid, and aging than sodium chloride to sults in damage to the plants. hardscapes (gutters, barri- educational services. Refer- Water this Winter plants. ers) to channel runoff away Plants suffer a salt-induced ences within this publication to Calcium magnesium water shortage, even though from planting areas; do not any specific commercial product, acetate (CMA) is an environ- there may be moisture in the pile snow containing deicing process, or service by trade name, mentally friendly compound soil, because roots are unable materials onto plant areas; trademark, service mark, manu- Lack of adequate soil mois- more than ample moisture derived from dolomitic lime- and irrigate once heavily in facturer, or otherwise does not ture is often a major cause may also encourage winter stone and acetic acid. CMA to absorb sufficient water. the spring to leach salts away constitute or imply endorsement is considered safer for plant To minimize damage by from root zone. by Oklahoma Cooperative Exten- of winter damage. Dry soil weeds to germinate and flour- material, non-corrosive to deicing materials in the land- CONTACT: Greg Hartman| sion Service. coupled with strong winter ish. Water only every three winds can cause havoc on a to four weeks and apply only A long, difficult delivery of a plant. All plants, but especial- enough water to moisten the ly narrowleaf and broadleaf top 6 or so inches of soil. evergreens, use water during Do not forget plants grow- winter. When little or no soil ing in aboveground planters calf can have hidden costs moisture is present, plants protected from rain. They can become desiccated and it need watering even in a wet is more likely root damage will season. Also, remember to also occur. water plants that are located When dry cold fronts are under the eaves of a build- ‘Throughout the beef indus- wonder if there is anything bag (LATE). culty can still best be achieved predicted, water the landscape ing or home since they often try, there exist hidden costs detrimental about allow- Heifer that were allowed by properly developed replace- at least 24 hours in advance of receive little natural precipita- that are difficult to expose and ing cows or heifers to suffer to endure a prolonged labor ment heifers bred to calving the front. Apply about % inch tion. equally difficult to eliminate. through a prolonged stage 2. (LATE) had a 17% lower rate ease bulls. of water at the time of water- CONTACT: Greg Hartman| One of those hidden costs In addition to being the of cycling at the start of the CONTACT: Greg Hartman| ing. A sunny day on moist Beckham County OSU Extension can be caused by an extended greatest cause of baby calf next breeding season. In ad- Beckham County OSU Extension soil helps warm the soil and Center | “postpartum interval” (the mortality, calving difficulty dition, the rebreeding per- Center | root area thus reducing the (580) 928-2139 | greghart- number of days from calving markedly reduces reproductive centage was 20% lower than (580) 928-2139 | greg hart- amount of time the roots will [email protected] until the cow returns to heat performance during the next the counterparts (EARLY) [email protected] be exposed to cold tempera- Oklahoma State University, cycles.). Several biological breeding season. Cattle suf- that were given assistance in Oklahoma State University, tures. in compliance with Title Vand influencers can lengthen the fering from calving difficulty the first hour of labor. The in compliance with Title Vand Moisture must be available VII ofthe Civil Rights Act of days between calving and have been reported (Brinks, calves weaned the following VII ofthe Civil Rights Act of below the frost line or frozen 1964, Executive Order 11246 return to estrus cycles. Most et al. 1973) to have pregnancy year from cows that endured 1964, Executive Order 11246 soil. When the soil freezes, if as amended, Title IX of the of the causes that delay the rates decreased by 14% and the long delivery weaned 46 as amended, Title IX of the moisture is not present in soil Education Amendments of 1972, return to cycling activity are those that did become preg- pounds lighter than calves Education Amendments of 1972, pore spaces, moisture is pulled Americans with Disabilities centered around nutrition. nant to calve 13 days later at from cows with earlier Americans with Disabilities Act of from plant roots to form the Act of 1990, and other federal However, one of the lesser the next calving. re-breeding dates due toa 1990, and other federal laws and ice crystals resulting in desic- laws and regulations, does not known causes of a delay to Results from a Montana shorter stage 2 of parturition. regulations, does not discrimi- cated roots, thus what some discriminate on the basis of race, cycling activity is a prolonged, study (Doornbos, et al., 1984) ‘Always check to be certain would refer to as “winter kill.” color, national origin, sex, age, difficult process of calving. showed that heifers receiving that cervical dilation has been nate on the basis of race, color, Of course, some common religion, disability, or status as a During parturition (calv- assistance in early stage 2 of completed, before you start national origin, sex, age, religion, sense needs to be practiced at veteran in any of its policies, prac- ing), the cow goes through parturition returned to heat to pull the calf. If you are un- disability, or status as a veteran this time of year; do not allow tices or procedures. This includes three stages of labor. Stage 2 earlier in the post-calving pe- certain about whether cervical in any of its policies, practices or the sprinklers to come on dur- but is not limited to admissions, is where most of the action oc- riod and had higher pregnancy dilation has taken place or procedures. This includes but is ing a hard freeze. Ice forming employment, financial aid, and curs. Stage 2 begins with the rates than heifers receiving if the calf is in an undeliver- not limited to admissions, employ- on some plants could result educational services. References appearance of the water bag or traditionally accepted obstet- able position, call your large ment, financial aid, and educa- in some serious damage and within this publication to any baby calf’s feet. Stage 2 ends ric assistance. In this study, animal veterinarian immedi- tional services. References within you could create a hazardous specific commercial product, when the calf is completely de- heifers were either assisted ately. Prolonged deliveries this publication to any specific situation for you, pedestrians, process, or service by trade name, livered. Recall that stage 2 is about one hour after the of baby calves (in excess of commercial product, process, or or even passing vehicles. trademark, service mark, manu- expected to be about one hour fetal membranes (water bag) 1.5 or 2 hours) often result in service by trade name, trademark, Too much water can also facturer, or otherwise does not for a two-year-old and about appeared (EARLY) or were as- weakened calves and reduced service mark, manufacturer, or result on problems during the constitute or imply endorsement half an hour in mature cows sisted only if calving was not rebreeding performance in otherwise does not constitute or winter. Cold wet soils can lead by Oklahoma Cooperative Exten- that have previously delivered completed within two hours young cows! imply endorsement by Oklahoma to rotting roots. Soils with sion Service. calves. Some producers may of the appearance of the water Minimizing calving diffi- Cooperative Extension Service. State offering free tags for animal disease traceability tions. must first obtain a premise Dairy Cattle identification number and +All female dairy cattle. then submit an order form, + All male dairy cattle born For questions, call the ODAFF after March 11, 2013. Animal Industry Division at (Exceptions to this 405-522-6141. requirement do apply under ‘This article was written unique movement types, such for Cowman magazine by Dr. as travel for veterinary care. Rosslyn Biggs, beef cattle Feeder cattle and animals extension specialist and con- moving directly to slaughter tinuing education director at do not require official identi- Oklahoma State University’s fication for interstate move- College of Veterinary Medi- ment.) cine. Ifa disease outbreak occurs, effective and rapid re- Veterinary Viewpoints sponse will hinge on the elec- is provided by the faculty of tronic sharing of data within the OSU Veterinary Medical a traceability system. Efforts Teaching Hospital. such as U.S. CattleTrace, a OSU’s College of Vet- cattle industry-driven multi- erinary Medicine is one of 30 state initiative, are evaluating accredited veterinary col- traceability system design leges in the United States and and usage. Any nationwide the only veterinary college system must be functional in Oklahoma. ‘he college’s for the cattle industry. Such a Boren Veterinary Medical system must be cost-effective Hospital is open to the public and maintain confidential- and provides routine and ity while continuing to allow specialized care for small and cattle to move at the speed of large animals. The hospital of- commerce. fers 24-hour emergency care ‘The USDA has proposed and is certified by the Ameri- moving toward RFID tags. can Animal Hospital Associa- ‘The public comment period tion. For more information, STILLWATER — With the they've been and when. tags.” These tags are used for cation is required only under for these changes closed in visit https://vetmed.okstate. current pandemic, terms such Traceability does not prevent cattle requiring brucellosis certain conditions and for October 2020, and a variety edu or call (405) 744-7000. as “herd immunity,” “infection disease introduction, but it vaccination or tuberculosis certain classes of cattle. The of industry organizations and Oklahoma State Univer- rates” and “contact tracing” does expedite the emergency testing. two primary situations requir- leaders have provided com- sity is a modern land-grant are now part of daily conversa- response, which is critical for Another system of official ing official identification are ments. university that prepares tions. You'd hear the same if it both producers and industry. identification involves the use program disease testing (such Producers and veterinar- ians interested in incorporat- students for success. OSU has were a foreign animal dis- ADT allows official of radio frequency (electronic) as that required for brucello- ing RFID may wish to partici- more than 34,000 students ease, such as foot and mouth individual identification of tags beginning with the sis) and interstate movement. pate in a program offered by across its five-campus system disease, hitting the United animals and rapid tracing digits 840. Radio frequency Classes of cattle requiring the Oklahoma Department and more than 24,000 on its States. In such situations, during an outbreak. One ADT identification (RFID) tags are USDA official identification for of Agriculture, Food and combined Stillwater and Tulsa animal disease traceability is system that allows individual available as low frequency interstate movement include: Forestry (ODAFF). ODAFF is campuses, with students critical to emergency response identification is the National and ultra-high frequency. In Beef Cattle & Bison distributing approximately from all 50 states and around efforts. Uniform Eartagging System certain circumstances other + Sexually intact and 18 550,000 low-frequency 840 100 nations. Established in Animal disease traceability (NUES). This system has been forms of identification, such months or older. RFID tags for the cost of ship- 1890, Oklahoma State has (ADT), as defined by the U.S. used for years and is familiar as registration tattoos and + Used for rodeo or recre- ping. The goal is to increase graduated more than 275,000 Department of Agriculture, to many producers. The com- brands, may be used as official ational events, regardless of REID tag usage in young students to serve the state of is knowing where diseased mon names for these tags are identification. age. breeding cattle intended as Oklahoma, the nation and the and at-risk animals are, where “Bangs tags” or “Silver Bright Currently, official identifi- + Used for shows or exhibi- replacement stock. Producers world.