December 23, 2020 Issue, Page 4 of 26

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Agriculture December 23, 2020 Just how do Santa’s reindeer get the job done Have you ever wondered gets them filled up with hay How do they keep warm reach. Next remember those to find grass and moss to eat. (580) 928-2139 | greg.hart- how Santa’s reindeer can make while flying around on Christ- huge antlers. Antlers of adult before he leaves the North You've got to think that those [email protected] that monumental journey on Pole, so they should have plen- mas Eve? The fur that they male reindeer can be as much wide hooves would come in Oklahoma State University, Christmas Eve? Let's look into ty of feed stored in the four have is very thick and can hold as 4 feet long! Just think about handy for sliding to rather sud- in compliance with Title VI and some key facts about reindeer compartments to make it all alot of air. The “blanket” of in- it. Each reindeer has 2 sets; den stops on the small landing VII of the Civil Rights Act of that may help us understand around the globe. Also, cattle sulation combining fur and air that’s 8 feet of antlers and sites that Santa has to work 1964, Executive Order 11246 how they get Ole St. Nick on nutritionists have known for helps keep them warm in even with eight reindeer (or nine with on Christmas Eve. as amended, Title IX of the Edu- his appointed rounds over the years that hay digests more the coldest of climates. Plus if we count Rudolph on foggy And you've probably heard cation Amendments of 1972, world, slowly than grain, therefore flying around Christmas night nights) that is 64 to 72 feet the song about “up on the Americans with Disabilities Act of First of all, historians re- the big meal that the reindeer in many areas of the world that of total antler span. A typical house top click, click, click”. 1990, and other federal laws and port that reindeer have been eat before the journey should are warmer than they have at small airplane only has about Well it is true that reindeer do regulations, does not discriminate domesticated by humans for last even longer. Or just like home should not be a problem. 20 - 30 feet of wingspan. Cer- make a clicking sound as they on the basis of race, color, national over 5000 years. Since Santa your mom says, “It'll stick to How do they fly? Well that’s tainly, it seems feasible those walk. They have a tendon that origin, sex, age, religion, disability, himself is no spring chicken, their ribs!”. a tougher question, and we eight reindeer running that snaps over a bone joint and we can assume that they have As for drinking water that really do not have that one fast with that entire antler makes a clicking sound on ev- or status as a veteran in any of its worked together for quite a should be no problem what- completely answered. How- span could get off the ground. ery step. policies, practices or procedures, while. They should not have soever. In their homeland the ever, let’s look at what we do ‘There are a couple of myths These are just a few facts This includes but is not limited to any trouble finding their way water is all frozen, so they are know about them. Reindeer about reindeer that we should about Santa’s Reindeer. Maybe admissions, employment, finan- around. There is no need to used to getting the moisture are amazingly fast runners on clear up. You have probably this will help us understand cial aid, and educational services. worry about them getting lost. they need by eating snow. the ground. A newborn baby heard the poem that says that that age-old mystery that oc- References within this publication We do know that reindeer So as the sleigh is parked on reindeer at one day of age can they have tiny reindeer feet. curs every Christmas Eve. to any specific commercial product, are ruminants. They are like snowy rooftops in cold weath- outrun the fastest person on Actually, they have a very wide CONTACT: Greg Hartman| process, or service by trade name, cattle in this regard. They have er cities, the reindeer can take earth. By the time that they large hoof that they use at Beckham County OSU Extension trademark, service mark, manu- four compartments to their on the moisture they need if are fully grown it is hard to tell home to dig through the snow Center | fFactu stomach. Of course, Santa they get thirsty. what speeds that they could The 3 stages of parturition FAPC impacts food As the calendar turns to a new year, the spring calv- It begins with the entrance of the membranes and fetus Stage 3: The third stage of parturition is the shedding industry during a year of uncertainty ing season approaches. Many into the pelvic canal and ends of the placenta or fetal mem- spring calving herds will begin with the completed birth of branes. In cattle this normally the calving season around the the calf. So, the second stage is occurs in less than 8 to12 first of February, if not before. the one in which we really are hours. The membranes are An increased understanding interested, This is where we considered retained if after of the “calving” or parturition find all of the action. Clinical- 12 hours they have not been process is helpful. The more we ly, and from a practical aspect shed. Years ago, it was consid- understand about the physiol- we would define the beginning ered necessary to remove the ogy of the process, the more of stage 2 as the appearance membranes by manually “un- likely we are to make sound of membranes or water bag buttoning” the attachments. decisions about providing as- at the vulva. The traditional Research has shown that sistance. Parturition or “calv- texts, fact sheets, magazines, manual removal can be detri- ing” is generally considered to and other publications that mental occur in three stages. we read state that stage 2 in to uterine health and future Stage 1: The first stage of cattle lasts from 2 to 5 hours. conception rates. Administra- parturition is dilation of the Data from Oklahoma State tion of antibiotics usually will cervix. The normal cervix is University and the USDA ex- guard against infection and tightly closed right up until periment station at Miles City, the placenta will slough out in the cervical plug is completely Montana, would indicate that 4 to 7 days. Contact your vet- dissolved. In stage 1, cervical stage two is MUCH shorter. In erinarian for the proper man- dilation begins some 2 to 24 these studies, assistance was agement of retained placenta. hours before the completion given if stage two progressed An important ingredient for of parturition (2 to 6 hours more than two hours after your calving season prepara- would be most common). Dur- the appearance of water bag tion is the Oklahoma State ing this time the “progester- at the vulva. The interesting University Extension Circular one block” is no longer present thing about the data was that E-1006: Calving Time Man- and the uterine muscles are the heifers calving unassisted, agement for Beef Cows and becoming more sensitive to all did so in about one hour after Heifers. Cow calf producers Stillwater The year 2020 has serve as a resource for the in- an essential facility and in- factors that increase the rate the initiation of stage two, and will want to download this free been one of uncertainty, and dustry.” creased the harvest of beef to and strength of contractions. mature cows calved within an circular and read it before the there is no doubt the coronavi- ‘The value-added food pro- help meet the demands of the At the beginning, the contrac- average of 22 minutes of the first calf is born this spring. rus pandemic has had a signifi- cessing center had an econom- industry. FAPC harvested and cant impact on the food indus- ic impact of $39,750 on small processed 171 beef, 61 hogs, tile forces primarily influence initiation of stage two. Those CONTACT: Greg Hartman| try. From temporarily closing entrepreneurial business, the relaxation of the cervix, that took longer needed as- Beckham County OSU Extension of manufacturing plants to $692,000 on medium proces- and 27 lambs and goats in but uterine muscular activity sistance. These and other data Center | food product shortages, chang- sors and $5.7 million on large 2020, is still rather quiet. Stage 1 is would indicate that normal (580) 928-2139 | greg.hart- es have been seen on a global food processors. FAPC, a part of OSU's Divi- likely to go completely unno- stage two of parturition would [email protected] scale. The FAPC team conducted sion of Agricultural Sciences ticed, but there may be some be redefined as approximately Oklahoma State University, in However, the Oklahoma 37 education and training ses- and Natural Resources, was behavioral differences such as 60 minutes for heifers and compliance with Title VI and VIL State University Robert M. sions with 285 participants. established in January 1997. isolation or discomfort. At the 30 minutes for adult cows. In of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Ex- Kerr Food and Agricultural The pandemic limited the Since its inception, the center end of stage one, there may be heifers, not only is the pelvic ecutive Order 11246 as amended, Products Center continued number of visitors, but more has helped to discover, develop to support innovation and than 1,000 individuals visited come behavioral changes such opening smaller, but also the Title IX of the Education Amend- growth of food and agricul- the center, which is a popular and deliver technical and busi- as elevation of the tail, switch- soft tissue has never been ex- ments of 1972, Americans with ness information that stimu- tural businesses throughout destination on the OSU-Still- ing of the tail and increased panded. Older cows have had Disabilities Act of 1990, and oth- Oklahoma in 2020, providing a water campus. lates and supports the growth mucous discharge. Also, relax- deliveries before and birth er federal laws and regulations, total economic impact of more FAPC professionals worked of value-added food and agri- should go quite rapidly un- does not discriminate on the basis ation (softening) of the pelvic than $6 million. on 95 food industry projects in cultural products and process- ligaments near the pinbones less there is some abnormal- of race, color, national origin, sex, “This year has definitely 60 communities and 45 coun- ing in Oklahoma. may become visually evident, ity such as a very large calf, age, religion, disability, or status come with its challenges, but ties throughout Oklahoma. “[ want to give kudos to Dr. giving a “sunken” appearance backwards calf, leg back or as a veteran in any ofits policies, FAPC and the food industry The center continued to Escoubas and his team for how on each side of the tailhead. twins. If the cow or heifer is practices or procedures. This in- moved steadily through 2020,” focus on food safety and sup- they have responded to COV- Checking for complete cervical making good progress with cludes but is not limited to admis- said Roy Escoubas, FAPC di- ported 48 clients in areas relat- ID-19; the FAPC response has dilation is important before each strain, allow her to con- sions, employment, financial aid, rector. “FAPC continued to ing to the Global Food Safety been ‘what do you need and support food processors with Initiative and Hazard Analysis forced extraction (“pulling”) tinue on her own. Know your and educational services. Refer- product development, food Critical Control Point program. how can we help,” said Tom of the calf is attempted. limitations. Seek professional ences within this publication to processing and sensory evalu- During the economic shut- Coon, vice president for OSU Stage 2: The second stage veterinary help soon if you en- any specific commercial product, ations; provide educational down resulting from COV- agricultural programs. “FAPC of parturition is defined as counter a problem that cannot process, or service by trade name, workshops and trainings; and ID-19, FAPC was considered did whatever they needed to the delivery of the newborn. be solved easily in minutes. trademark, service mark, ma provide training and resources to the food industry, especially in the area of meat processing. It is time to begin the early evening feeding ‘The center continues to have a tremendous impact on Okla- homa’s value-added food sec- tor, which is an important part It is generally accepted that 2 weeks of gestation, with a at the Kansas State University It is interesting to note that cows had constant access to of our local, county and state adequate supervision at calv- more rapid decline during calv- Agricultural Research Center 85.28% of the calves were born large round bales but were fed economies.” ing has a significant impact ing. It has been suggested that at Hays, Kansas. They recorded between 6:00 am. and 6:00 pm. supplements at about 5:00 pm, CONTACT: Mandy Gross on reducing calf mortality. Ad- night feeding causes intraru- the time of calving (to within ‘This is very similar to lowa data FAPC Communications Servic- 70% of the calves were deliv- es | 405-744-0442 | mandy. equate supervision has been minal pressures to rise at night the nearest one-half hour). when cows were fed at dusk. of increasing importance with and decline in the daytime. Births that could not be esti- ered between 6:00 am and 6:00 [email protected] the higher price of live calves The concept is called the mated within an hour of oc- ‘These data also revealed that pm. Some producers choose Oklahoma State University, at sale time. On most ranching Konefal method. A Canadian currence were excluded. Cows for a majority of a animals in to put the big round bales as an equal opportunity em- operations, supervision of the rancher, Gus Konefal reported were fed forage sorghum hay the herd, the time of calving and the ring feeders inside a ployer, complies with all ap- first calf heifers will be best ac- his observations in the 1970's. daily between 4:00 and 6:00 was within 3 hours of the av- plicable federal and state laws complished in daylight hours In a follow-up Canadian study pm. For statistical purposes, erage time of day that cow had fenced enclosure. The gates to regarding non-discrimination and the poorest observation of 104 Hereford cows, 38.4% the day was divided into four- previously given birth. Feeding the hay feeding enclosure are and affirmative action. Okla- takes place in the middle of the of a group fed at 8:00 am and hour periods. the forage in the early evening opened at dusk and the cows homa State University is com- night. again at 3:00 pm delivered Between 6:00 and 10:00 hours undoubtedly influenced are allowed access to the hay mitted to a policy of equal The easiest and most prac- calves during the day, whereas am, 34.23% of the calves were the percentage of cows calving in the evening and overnight opportunity for all individu- tical method of inhibiting 79.6% of a group fed at 11:00 born; Between 10:00 am and in daylight hours. (Jaeger and hours, then they are moved to als and does not discriminate nighttime calving at present is am and 9:00 pm. In a more 2:00 pm, 21.23% of the calves co-workers. Abstracts 2002 based on race, religion, age, by feeding cows at night; the convincing study, 1331 cows were born; Between 2:00 and Western Section of American another adjacent pasture the sex, color, national origin, physiological mechanism is on 15 farms in Iowa were fed 6:00 pm 29.83% of the calves Society of Animal Science.) following morning. Anecdotal marital status, sexual orienta- unknown, but some hormonal once daily at dusk, 85% of the were born; Between 6:00 and Many cow/calf producers reports have indicated that tion, gender identity/expres- effect may be involved, Rumen calves were born between 6:00 10:00 pm, 8.41% of the calves put large round bales in ring this method has the desired re- sion, disability, or veteran motility studies indicate the am and 6:00 pm. were born; Between 10:00 pm feeders and leave them out sults with a higher percentage status with regard to employ- frequency of rumen contrac- Kansas State University and 2:00 am, 4.4% ofthe calves for round-the-clock feeding ment, educational programs tions falls a few hours before scientists recorded data on 5 were born; and Between 2:00 for the cows. Records here at of calves born in the daylight. and activities, and/or admis- parturition. Intraruminal pres- consecutive years in a herd of am and 6 am, 1.91% of the Oklahoma State University in- CONTACT: Greg Hartman| sions. For more information, sure begins to fall in the last spring calving crossbred cows calves were born. dicated that when Beckham County OSU Extensi visit https:///eeo.okstate.edu.