November 18, 2020 Issue, Page 5 of 12

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Agriculture November 18, 2020 Cooking multiple items in one oven when they call for different temperatures outer layer of meat may get excess moisture in the oven. available. 928-2139), Washita County done too quickly. Covering Excess moisture is usually Don't put strong flavored office (580-832-3356) or part or all of the roasting meat undesirable in most circum- dishes in the same oven as [email protected]. with foil may help. If this is stances, since it can interfere mild flavored dished unless insufficient, cover completely with browning. However, it you don’t care if the flavors Oklahoma State University, and remove from the oven for can be used to your advantage transfer. as an equal opportunity employ- a few minutes for the meat in limited circumstances, Overloading: too much er, complies with all applicable to rest and “even out” a bit such as during the first 10-15 food can introduce complica- federal and state laws regarding in temperature, then return. minutes of baking for bread tions. Always ensure adequate non-discrimination and affirma- Don’t let it sit out too long. and similar baked goods, when air circulation is possible tive action. Oklahoma State Roasted Vegetables/Small oven spring is required before around all dishes, but particu University is committed to a Pieces of Roasted Food the crust dries out and sets. larly around uncovered ones. policy of equal opportunity for all ‘These are also fairly flex- Consider making adjustments Excess moisture can also be individuals and does not discrimi- ible, but if cooked too long as necessary to dishes that a problem when too many nate based on race, religion, age, they can dry out and shrivel, request a phase baked covered dishes are in the oven, which sex, color, national origin, marital and if cooked at too low ofa and another uncovered. Often will influence the speed at status, sexual orientation, gender temperature, it can take a long continuing the covered bake which food cooks and browns. identity/expression, disability, or time for dense vegetables to for a longer time will only re- For additional informa- veteran status with regard to em- soften (e.g., potatoes, carrots, sult in more tenderness in the tion contact Kristy Spalding, ployment, educational programs etc.). dish, and it may be an effec- Family & Consumer Science and activities, and/or admis- “They also often release a tive way to allow the oven to Extension Educator, at the sions. For more information, lot of moisture into the oven, be used at a lower temperature Beckham County office (580- visit https:///eeo.okstate.edu which can affect other dishes, with a longer bake. Just like particularly those where the “reverse sear” for meat, a How many browning is desired. This latter dish that needs to be uncov- point applies to most roasted ered for a final portion of the items cut into small pieces. bake can often be finished It is often helpful to tempo- with a final high-heat blast heifers to keep rarily remove any items that ora few minutes under the Baked goods are very tem- provided are general esti- release a lot of steam during broiler. perature/time dependent and mates and might need to be the browning phase of other General Tips do not adjust well to either adjusted. The cook will have foods. (Cover with foil and Most foods need to achieve higher or lower temperatures to keep an eye on each item return to oven to warm before acertain doneness level than those recommended in in the oven to make sure they serving.) throughout; aside from some Covered Dishes/Casseroles baked goods, this can almost Average Percentage of Cows by Age the recipe. They may also call are removed when they are for placement in a particular finished. ‘The above dishes are often always be achieved with a in North Dakota Research Herd part of the oven and moving As for browning, you can primarily baked uncovered in lower oven temperature (to them to the top or bottom either sear the meat first on the oven. Dishes baked inside a point ~ going below about 20 can cause excessive browning the stovetop or in a high oven of pots or in other covered 250°F will introduce food and/or burning. Super sensi- (probably best for poultry) or vessels are usually less sensi- safety and other complica- tive pastries should be baked doa “reverse sear” where you tive to temperature changes, tions). Some foods need a 15 alone. turn the oven up right before unless the temperature is specific outside texture, flavor, In general, when baked serving and blast it with high really high which can cause browning level, etc. which is some foods to stick and burn best achieved at higher heat. 10 goods aren't involved, the heat for 5-10 minutes (works oven temperature can be set well for beef, pork, lamb, etc.). to the cooking vessel. Again, If you need that latter effect, at an average of those sug- Also, the reverse sear can give most foods will eventually either choose an intermediate gested for each recipe. So, if you time to get your other cook at lower temperatures, temperature, or do a phase one calls for 400 degrees and though the total time can food into serving dishes, make be hard to predict until you at the beginning or ending of the other for 350, the oven gravy, etc. before serving. baking at higher heat for those could be set at 375. Ovens are If you're roasting at a experiment. items specifically. Convection often inaccurate by 25 degrees higher temperature to ac- Using a cover over some of oven features can often also 8 9 10 11 12 13 so the roasting/baking times commodate other foods, the your dishes will also prevent be employed for this, if they're of cattle to the grass and of heifers kept. feed resources on the ranch Growing the heifers at a Winter wheat grazing revisited is a constant challenge for any cow-calf producer. Also producers strive to maintain cow numbers to match their higher rate of gain would be necessary to reach 60% to 65% of the mature weight at breeding. Utilizing a grow- marketing plans for the long ing program such as wheat Price-Weight Relationship, Med/Lrg #1 Steers, Oklahoma term changes in the cattle pasture (for spring calving cycle. Therefore it is a con- heifers) would allow the heif- 180 4735: L stant struggle to evaluate the ers to gain 1.5 to 2 lbs per day —e6-Nov-20 number of replacement heifers and about 90% or more of the that must be developed or heifers should be cycling early purchased to bring into the in the breeding season. herd each year. As a starting Even in the very best place in the effort to answer scenarios, a few heifers will this question, it is important be difficult or impossible to look at the “average” cow to breed. Most extension 36.48 133.16 18438 134.03 136.90 134.49 herd to understand how many specialists and researchers cows are in each age cat- write about the need to always 131.07 egory. Tte Dickinson, North expose at least 10% more heif- Dakota Research and Exten- ers than you need even when sion Center reported on the they are grown rapidly and all 120 average number of cows in weigh at least 65% of the ex- 375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 775 825 875 925 their research herd by age pected mature weight. There- group for a span of 20 years. fore in the example ofa 100 Weight ‘The following graph depicts cow herd, if the heifers are This price pattern suggests that stocker producers will want to consider several factors including the “average” percent of cows fed to reach over 60% of the beginning weight, how long the animals will be owned and how much gain will be added to the in this herd by age group. mature weight at breeding, we animals, With a possibly shortened winter grazing period, a heavier beginning weight currently offers Average Percentage of expect to keep back 19 or 20 Cows by Age in North Da- heifers to go into the growing a higher value of gain and may make sense. kota Research Herd program and breeding season. Derrell S. Peel, Oklahoma compared to $147.34/cwt. the been down nearly 33 percent, management and establishing ‘The above graph indicates Fewer heifers are started in that the typical herd will, “on this growing program, but State University Extension Live- previous week. in part due to the impacts of expected fixed or minimum the average”, introduce 17% higher feed costs per heifer stock Marketing Specialist ‘The chart below shows the winter storm. It appears sales prices may be fleeting new first calf heifers each will be necessary to reach the ‘The early winter storm current prices for feeder cattle there are significant numbers given the volatility in cattle year. Stated another way, higher rate of gain. in late October brought in Oklahoma auctions. The of calves and feeders yet to timely and much-needed market is quite different for be marketed this fall. Stocker and feed markets. if 100 cows are exposed to Like so many decisions rain to much of Oklahoma animals below and above 600 and feeder prices could move CONTACT: Greg Hart- bulls or Al each year, 17 of in the beef industry, there and sharply reduced drought pounds. For animals below either higher or lower in the man| Beckham County OSU them will be having their first is more than one answer to conditions. ‘The latest weekly 600 pounds, the price drops next month depending on the Extension Center | baby. Therefore this gives us a important questions. Oklahoma Drought Monitor sharply with additional weight balance of increased demand (680) 928-2139 | greg. starting point in choosing how CONTACT: Greg Hartman| and increased supply in auc- [email protected] many heifers we need to save Beckham County OSU Exten- showed DO-D4 conditions of (ie. a bigger price rollback). each year. sion Center | 26.13 percent, down from Above 600 pounds, the price tions. Next, we must predict (580) 928-2139 | greg. 52.06 percent the prior week. changes little with additional Another factor that is Oklahoma State University, the percentage of heifers that [email protected] With much of the winter weight. A bigger price roll- helping support cash feeder in compliance with Title Vand enter a breeding season that wheat crop planted (88 back reduces the value of gain. cattle prices is the current VII of the Civil Rights Act of will become pregnant. The Oklahoma State University, percent as of November 1) For example, the value of gain strength in Feeder futures. 1964, Executive Order 11246 prediction is made primarily in compliance with Title VI and and emerged (71 percent), for 200 pounds of gain from Winter grazing typically keys as amended, Title IX of the upon the nutritional grow- VII of the Civil Rights Act of the crop responded quickly to 450 to 650 pounds is $0.62/ off the March Feeder futures Education Amendments of 1972, ing program that the heifers 1964, Executive Order 11246 the moisture. The latest Crop Ib. but for 650 to 850 pounds, contract. March contract Americans with Disabilities receive between weaning and as amended, Title IX of the Progress report showed that the value of gain is $1.36/cwt. prices increased to over $135/ Act of 1990, and other federal breeding. If heifers are grown Education Amendments of 1972, Oklahoma wheat rated good ‘This price pattern sug- cwt. at the end of last week, slowly and weigh 50% to 55% to excellent jumped to 34 per- gests that stocker producers up from lows below $126/ laws and regulations, does not Americans with Disabilities Act of cent, up from 11 percent the will want to consider several cwt. less than two weeks discriminate on the basis of race, of their mature weight at the 1990, and other federal laws and start of breeding then about regulations, does not discrimi- prior week. The improvement factors including beginning ago. Feeder markets are also color, national origin, sex, age, half of the heifers will be nate on the basis of race, color, in the wheat crop revived weight, how long the animals closely watching feed grain religion, disability, or status asa cycling early in the breeding national origin, sex, age, religion, prospects for grazing winter will be owned and how much markets as strong export de- veteran in any of its policies, prac- season. In this 100 cow herd disability, or status as a veteran wheat albeit with some delay. gain will be added to the ani- mand has pushed grain prices tices or procedures. This includes scenario, about 30 heifers in any ofits policies, practices or Oklahoma feeder cattle mals. With a possibly short- higher. but is not limited to admissions, need to be kept and exposed procedures. This includes but is markets jumped sharply last ened winter grazing period, ‘Winter grazing stocker ‘employment, financial aid, and to Al or the bull to assure the not limited to admissions, employ- week from the low two weeks a heavier beginning weight budgets are very dynamic and educational services. Refer target number of pregnant ‘ment, financial aid, and educa- ago during the storm. Prices currently offers a higher value should be evaluated carefully. ences within this publication to heifers is met. This allows for tional services. References within last week for steers weigh- of gain and may make sense. Purchase prices are volatile any specific commercial product, natural selection pressure on this publication to any specific ing 450-600 pounds were the ‘The next few weeks may and somewhat uncertain in early puberty and reproduc- commercial product, process, or highest since late August/ear- result in additional demand the coming weeks. Expected process, or service by trade name, trademark, service mark, manu- tive soundness if the breed- service by trade name, trademark, ly September. For example, for stockers but will likely also sales price are also uncertain, ing season is short (30 to 45 service mark, manufacturer, or the combined Oklahoma auc- see larger supplies of feeder at least as far as volatility facturer, or otherwise does not tion average price for 450-500 cattle in Oklahoma auctions. in March Feeder futures is constitute or imply endorsement days). More pasture space and otherwise does not constitute or pound, medium/large frame an indication. Opportuni- by Oklahoma Cooperative Exten- breeding costs will be needed imply endorsement by Oklahoma Combined Oklahoma auction because of the larger number Cooperative Extension Service. #1 steers was $166.89/cwt, volume the past six weeks has ties for purchase prices, risk sion Service.